Tucked away in the southeastern part of Rajasthan, in Pratapgarh district, lies one of the state’s most enchanting natural havens – the Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary. Spread across 422.95 square kilometres, this sanctuary is not only a treasure trove of biodiversity but also steeped in deep mythological and historical significance. Declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1979, it offers a refreshing retreat into untouched nature, rich flora, and fascinating fauna, all while whispering tales from the Ramayana era.
Where the Vindhyas Meet the Aravallis
What makes Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary unique is its diverse topography. Nestled at the confluence of the Aravalli and Vindhyachal mountain ranges, the sanctuary boasts a stunning mosaic of valleys, plateaus, and rivers, resulting in a spectacular landscape teeming with life.
The area receives relatively higher rainfall compared to the rest of Rajasthan, which helps sustain its dense forest cover – a feature not commonly associated with the arid image of the state.
A Forest Rich in Flora
Sita Mata is the only forest in Rajasthan where high-quality teak (Tectona grandis) trees grow abundantly – covering nearly 50% of the forest canopy. Apart from teak, the sanctuary is also home to:
- Salar (Boswellia serrata)
- Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon)
- Amla (Indian gooseberry)
- Bamboo
- Bel (Aegle marmelos)
The thick vegetation makes it a paradise for herbalists, naturalists, and anyone with an interest in botany.
Where Rivers Nourish the Wild
Three rivers flow through the sanctuary, making the terrain even more vibrant and fertile. The major ones include:
- Jakham River – a lifeline for the sanctuary’s flora and fauna
- Karmoi River – carving scenic gorges and rivulets through the forest
- Sitamata Stream – lending the sanctuary its name and spiritual aura
These rivers and streams create multiple watering holes and small waterfalls, adding to the scenic charm while providing essential habitats for a wide range of wildlife.
Diverse Wildlife in Every Corner
Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary shelters an impressive variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. Among the most frequently spotted animals are:
- Leopard – the top predator in the region
- Hyena
- Jackal
- Fox
- Jungle Cat
- Porcupine
- Spotted Deer (Chital)
- Wild Boar
- Four-horned Antelope (Chousingha)
- Nilgai (Blue Bull)
However, the most fascinating and iconic creature of the sanctuary is undoubtedly the Flying Squirrel (Petaurista philippensis). These nocturnal gliders are a rare sight elsewhere in Rajasthan but are frequently observed here at dusk, gliding gracefully between the trees with their limbs outstretched like tiny, furry hang gliders.
A Sanctuary of Legends
According to Hindu mythology, Sita Mata, the wife of Lord Rama, took refuge in this very forest after being exiled. It is believed that her twin sons, Luv and Kush, were born here and raised by sage Valmiki. Several landmarks inside the sanctuary are associated with this legend, including Sita Kund, Valmiki Ashram, and other local shrines that deepen the spiritual connection to this ancient land.
Best Time to Visit
The sanctuary is open to visitors from October to June, but the best time to explore is during the cooler months – November to February – when the forest is lush, wildlife activity is high, and the weather is pleasant for safaris and trekking.
Activities for Nature Enthusiasts
Visitors to Sita Mata can enjoy:
- Guided nature walks
- Wildlife photography
- Birdwatching
- Trekking along forest trails
- Exploring Sita Mata and Valmiki-related sites
- Educational tours and nature camps
Bird enthusiasts will also find joy in spotting species such as peacocks, parakeets, kingfishers, drongos, and migratory birds during the winter months.
How to Reach Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary
- Nearest Town: Pratapgarh (15 km)
- By Air: The nearest airport is Maharana Pratap Airport in Udaipur, about 165 km away
- By Rail: The nearest major railway stations are Udaipur and Mandsaur
- By Road: Well connected by road, buses and taxis are available from Udaipur, Chittorgarh, and Pratapgarh
Tips for Travellers
- Obtain entry permits from the Forest Department at the sanctuary gate
- Wear earth-toned clothing to blend in with the surroundings
- Carry binoculars, water bottles, and snacks, especially if planning long trails
- Avoid littering and maintain silence to increase chances of wildlife sightings
- Visit around sunset to witness the flying squirrel in action
Why You Shouldn’t Miss Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary
With its spiritual heritage, dense greenery, flowing rivers, and diverse wildlife, Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary is a rare gem in Rajasthan’s ecological crown. It is a place where myth meets nature, where legends come alive beneath canopies of teak, and where the stillness of the forest is broken only by rustling leaves or a gliding squirrel.
Whether you’re a wildlife enthusiast, a spiritual seeker, or someone looking for solace in the lap of nature, Sita Mata promises an unforgettable experience.